Chess tactics

Category Archives: Chess tactics

Chess Combinations: beauties from lesser known masters – 2

Posted by ChessMaster on September 4, 2009 – 9:03 am

Filed under Attacking tactics, Chess lessons, Chess tactics, Chess Tutorials
Tagged as attacking chess tactics, Attacking tactics, chess combination, Chess tactics, Chess Tutorials

Even if you are a very good short distance runner, you probably never dream of running a hundred meter race in less than ten seconds unless you are a Usain Bolt in the making. But in a game of chess, you can always look forward to an opportunity to use various chess tactics for creating a combination which would make Alekhine proud. From a tyro to a virtuoso, the field of memorable chess combinations is open to all.

We harped on this theme in Chess Combinations: beauties from lesser known masters – 1 to encourage you to see how a mundane position transformed into something sublime. In similar vein, we show you another chess game which, without being spectacular, still earned the First Brilliancy Prize in the tournament at Kemeri in 1937. What will probably strike you is that the attack looks like an improvisation rather than the outcome of deep calculations involving complex chess tactics.

The position, after 13 moves have been played, shows that White has gathered most of his pieces in positions from where a concerted attack can be launched. Both Bishops are lined up towards enemy castle, Knight is ready to jump to the g5 square and the Rook on h-file can do its part in targeting the KRP. Once the Knight moves, White Queen can join the force by moving to g4 or h5 square. As against that, only Black Queen and KB has an attacking line to h2 but need much more than that because of White Rook on h-file. Black’s Knight on f8 is the only defensive force but has reduced the freedom of movement of the Black King.

The game continued as follows.


Position after 13. … Nf8:

14.	Ng5	h6	The Knight foray was only to provoke the advance of h7 pawn to create a weakness in enemy castle, but Black had to play g6 or h6 because of pressure on h7 pawn.
15.	Qh5	e5	White made his expected Queen move and to counter White’s flank action, Black is planning an action in the center – all standard chess strategy. The Knight at g5 of course could not be taken because of Qh8#, so White could go ahead with his other preparations.
16.	Bd2	exd4	The Bishop move was to bring out the Rook to play its role against Black’s center action. In such preparatory stages for attack and counterattack, timing is most important lest the opponent seizes the initiative.
17.	Rc1	Qe7	The Rook movement gained a tempo for White in his plans to position the Rook on the 7th rank.
18.	Ne4	Ng6	The Knight still had no compulsion to move as explained at move 15, but White was getting ready to spring his surprise! Black’s Knight move was to attack the Rook that was behind all White’s threats and the Rook had nowhere to go without falling victim to Black’s Knight or Bishops.
Position after 18. … Ng6

19.	Bg5!		The surprise! The Bishop attacked the Queen with impunity, forcing it to move away from the 7th rank as other alternatives were not feasible. 19. … hxg5 20. Qh7+ Kf8 21. Qh8+ Nxh8 22. Rxh8# 19. … f6 20. Nxf6+ gxf6 21. Qxg6+ after which Black’s position will not be tenable.
19.	…	Qe5
20.	f4	Qd5	White was not giving any respite to the harassed Queen
21.	Nf6+!	gxf6
22.	Bxg6!		22. … fxg6 23. Qxg6+ Kf8 24. Rxh6 wins 22. … fxg5 23. Qxh6! gxh4 24. Bh7+ Kh8 25. Be4+ wins the Queen
22.	…	Bf8
23.	Rc7!	Be6
Position after 23. … Be6

24.	Bxf6		The threat is: 25. Bxf7+ Bxf7 26. Rg4+ with a hopeless position for Black
24.	…	Qxh5
25.	Bxh5	Rec8	25. … Bg7 26. Bxf7+ Bxf7 27. Rg4 loses for Black
26.	Bxf7+	Kh7	The Bishop cannot be taken for reason already explained
27.	Rxc8	Bxc8
28.	Bxd4	Bf5
29.	Rh5	Resigns	With three connected pawns against one on the King side, the win for White is a matter of routine.
The position after 29. Rh5

You must also appreciate that brilliant attacks and combinations do not always create a threatened or actual checkmate but leave only a winning advantage. Steady play with standard endgame tactics should be enough to convert these advantages into a win which is the ultimate objective.

Chess Combinations: beauties from lesser known masters – 1

Posted by ChessMaster on September 3, 2009 – 6:34 am

Filed under Attacking tactics, Chess lessons, Chess tactics, Chess Tutorials
Tagged as attacking chess tactics, Attacking tactics, chess combination, Chess tactics, Chess Tutorials

In Chess Combinations: the eternal beauties of chess, we tried to examine our fascination for beautiful combinations. We also made the point that you do not always have to look at the games by the likes of Morphy, Marshall, Capablanca, Alekhine, Tal, Kasparov and others of their ilk for unearthing such beauties. Even amateurs at local clubs or tournaments are known to have produced brilliancies. In fact, in this series of articles we only want to look at such combinations from games of players whose names may not be universally familiar.

Besides the enjoyment you may derive from such combinations, these may also help you to understand the tactical ideas that gave rise to those surprising moves. Once you get to analyze the situations that produced it, you may be able to create some beauties of your own, who knows?

In the position shown below, you do not see any immediate danger for Black King even though White Queen is in readiness to pounce on h7 pawn if his Knight could come to g5. Most of White’s attacking pieces are on the Kingside, and either of White Rooks could come to g-file or h-file via third rank when the opportunity arises. Against this offensive battery, Black’s close defensive pieces are the Knight at e7 and Rook at f8, other pieces being mostly on the Queenside. If Black had a knight on f6 square, it would greatly help the defenses but his Knight at d4 cannot go there now as an exchange attack by White Knight at e4 will break up the castle. Let us see what transpires now.


Position after 18. Qh3:

18.	…	Nf4	An attempt to drive the Queen away and to reposition Knights.
19.	Qg4	Ned5	White threatened the Knight while shifting focus on g7 pawn and creating a pin on that pawn. Black brings support for his attacked Knight and is ready to advance his KBP to chase away the White Knights. Here is a point on chess strategies. It is not considered a good practice to make the knights support each other except during the process of positioning or where situation precludes other options. Knights play much better when they are side by side (like what can be seen for White Knights) with support from other pieces.
20.	Ra3	Ne6	White’s intention to bring a Rook to g-file or h-file is clear now. Apprehending a lineup of White Queen and Rook along g-file, Black makes his Knight ready to guard the g-pawn and g5 square against White’s N4. But he missed (or felt that he could tackle) the other threats by the Knight, exploiting the pin on g7 pawn. Black also missed some other defensive resources.
21.	Bxd5	cxd5	We talked about the value of defensive posting of Knight on f6 square. White takes care to eliminate that scope and the exchange enabled White Knight at e4 to move without any loss of tempo.
22.	Nf6+!	Kh8	Once the King moved, the g7 pawn got unpinned and was ready to capture the Knight which was a threat to Black’s h7 pawn if White’s Rook came to h-file.
Position after 22. … Kh8

23.	Qg6!		The bolt from the blue! White threatened 24. Qxh7#. Let us see the possibilities: 23. … fxg6 24. Nxg6+ hxg6 25. Rh3# 23. … hxg6 24. Rh3# 23. … gxf6 24.Qxf6+ Kf8 25. Rg3+ Ng5 26. Rxg5# 23. … gxf6 24.Qxf6+ Ng7 25. Rg3 Rg8 26. Nxf7+ Qxf7 27. Qxf7 wins 23. … Ng5 24. Qxg5 g6 25. Qh6 with mate to follow.
23.	…	Qc2	The only option left out!
24.	Rh3	Resigns	24. … Qxg6 25. Nxg6+ fxg6 26. Rxh7# or 24. … h6 25. Rxh6+ gxh6 26. Qxh6+ Qh7 27. Qxh7# or 24. … Ng5 25. Qxg5 gxf6 26. Qxf6+ Kg8 27. Rg3+ Qg6 28. Nxg6 fxg6 29. Rxg6+ hxg6 30. Qxg6+ Kh8 31. Qh6+ (to guard against … Rc1#) Kg8 32. Re7 Rf7 33. Qg6+ Kh8 34. Qh5+ with mate in two moves.

A very effective demonstration of the power of pin and the mobilization/coordination of pieces.

Center control in Chess makes for a forceful attack

Posted by ChessMaster on September 1, 2009 – 1:02 pm

Filed under Attacking tactics, Chess Basics, Chess lessons, Chess Opening, Chess Strategy, Chess tactics, Chess Tutorials
Tagged as Attacking tactics, chess combination, Chess Opening, chess opening guide, Chess Strategy, Chess tactics, Chess Tutorials

A vivid example on importance of center control in chess showed you the importance of this aspect of chess openings. At the risk of overstressing the point, here we bring another short game played with Sicilian Defense which is supposed to give Black a good fighting chance against White’s King Pawn opening.

We have already discussed about the theory behind one variation of Sicilian opening in Chess Opening: Control of Center – Part 1 and showed examples in Chess Opening: Sicilian Defense Theory to Practice about the kind of play that can win for White or Black.

Sicilian Defense is the choice of combative players because Black is playing to create advantage, not just to achieve equality. At the same time, Black must realize that by not directly going for the control of center, he may be allowing White an early initiative. Therefore Black has to play carefully so as not to be swept off his feet by a quick attack before his own thrusts have taken effect.

Just adopting Sicilian Defense without this realization is not going to help Black to get the upper hand. He must be prepared to play aggressively but precisely in line with the theories to snatch the initiative, otherwise it could be a recipe for swift demise! That is what happened in the following game played at Bad Gastein in 1948 and we try to identify where Black went wrong and allowed White his brilliant attack.

	Nicolas Rossolimo	Ivan Romanenko
1.	e4		Aims to control d5 and f5 and create space for King side initiative
1.	…	c5
Shows black’s intention to go for Sicilian Defense. This move apparently violates the principle of controlling the central and semi-central squares as it applies pressure only to d4. Unlike moves like …e5 or …Nc6 which challenge center control or develop minor pieces, …c5 does neither. It also needs some more pawn movements like …d6, …e6, …a6 etc., allowing White a lead in development with attacking chances. Then why go for it? On the positive side, it gives Black space advantage on Queenside and further actions on that flank pawn majority at center by exchanging this pawn with White’s d4 pawn when he advances it to get full control of center control of open c-file after the exchange, using his Queen or Rook in that file to facilitate Queenside counterplay
2.	Nf3	Nc6	Moves and countermoves to wrest control of d4 and e5 squares
3.	Bb5
To quote Al Horowitz, this move was ‘actually an idea of Nimzowitsch, who called it one of his little jokes in the opening’. It was Rossolimo who adopted it many times to achieve remarkable success (as in the present game). That is how this line of Sicilian Defense goes under the name of Nimzowitsch-Rossolimo attack (ECO code: B31) The main purpose is to get a rapid development and a strong center with c3 and d4. The struggle for d4 dictates the tactics for both sides and Black must be ready to capture on d4, else White gets great lead in development.
3.	…	g6	Black is getting ready to develop his KB to g7 and to apply pressure on d4 and e5 squares. White’s usual intention is to play Bxc6, giving Black doubled pawns. Black’s major responses are 3…g6 preparing …Bg7, 3…d6 preparing …Bd7, and 3…e6 preparing 4…Nge7.
4.	0-0	Bg7	White safeguards his King and wants to use KR as part of his attacking plans. Black of course carries on with his development plans.
Position after 4 moves
5.	Re1		Normal continuation is 5. c3 Qb6 with a struggle for control of d4. The text move was introduced by Gurgenidze for expected line of play along 5. Re1 e5 6. b4
5.	…	Nf6	This changes track from control of d4 to attacking e4 pawn and exposed the Knight to an early attack.
6.	Nc3		White develops his Knight to support his QP as also his KB and adds to the control of d5
6.	…	Nd4
In keeping with the strategy discussed against move 3, Black should have gone for 6. … e5 followed later by …Qb6. Other alternatives would be 6 … d6 to enable …Bd7 or to safeguard his King (because of the distant and not so distant pins by White’s Bishop and Rook) by …0-0. The text move was not consistent with any of these ideas and hence a questionable move.
7.	e5	Ng8	Black’s inhibited play and inconsistencies allow White considerable space in center with tempo through attacks on enemy pieces.
8.	d3	Nxb5	See how Black is surrendering all initiative to White. While White opens lines for his QB, Black’s QB is still locked in and his King’s Knight has retreated and blocked castling for his King. His center pawns remain immobile. The exchange of Knight and Bishop was originally the intention of White’s 3rd move to reduce Black’s control on d4 and e5. Without being forced, Black Knight has taken the trouble of wasting several moves to give White what he wanted!
9.	Nxb5	a6	Another questionable move by Black. As subsequent moves show, White’s QN was headed for d6 square, Black’s move just assisted it in taking that step! One of the basic tenets in chess is that you should not force a badly placed enemy piece to move to a better square. By extension of the logic, do not induce your opponent to take a move that he was ready to take. Both these lose tempo for you as you could use that time to make more profitable moves for your own pieces.
Position after 9 moves
10.	Nd6+!	exd6?	White knew that the capture of his Knight would give him a fierce attacking opportunity and so his move was an excellent idea. But Black still fell for it, making a bad situation really worse by exposing his King to the possibility of a discovered check. After this, White’s attack through a brilliant combination simply rolls on.
11.	Bg5!
White has timed his moves to perfection! He held back the discovered check to first drive away the Queen which could come to some help against what White planned. With an immediate discovered check, Black would be able to extricate himself with Ne7. There is a couple of important lessons here. Firstly, you can sometimes get out of a difficult situation by returning the material that was sacrificed by your opponent to gain an attack. By doing this, you are still even on material, but the opponent’s attack may fizzle out. Trying to hold on to the material only adds to your difficulties. Secondly, you need not be in a hurry to execute a move which is there for the taking when you can make some other move that compels your opponent to attend to it first. All good players know this maxim of looking for a better move when a good move has been found. The text move by White takes care of both these possibilities.
11.	…	Qa5	11. … Qb6 would not be any better.
12.	exd6+	Kf8
At this stage, White’s win was only a matter of time and most players would possibly go for the simple 13. Qe2 with one likely line as: 13. Qe2 Bf6 14. Qe8+ Kg7 15. Ne5 (threatening 16. Qxf7#) Bxg5 16. Qxf7+ Kh6 17. Qf8+ Kh5 18. g4+ Kh4 19. Qf3 (threatening 20. Qg3#) Bf4 20.Qxf4 Nf6 (or Qb4) 21. Nf3+ Kh3 22. Qg3# But White found a more elegant line.
Position after 12 moves
13.	Re8+!	Kxe8
14.	Qe2+	Kf8
15.	Be7+	Ke8	15. … Nxe7 16. Qxe7+ Kg8 17. Ng5 with Qf7# to follow
Position after 15 moves
16.	Bd8+!	Kxd8
17.	Ng5	Resigns	It is either 18. Nf7# or 17. … Nh6 18. Qe7#
The final position:

Endgame technique: King and Queen against Pawn on 7th rank with Support of King

Posted by ChessMaster on August 25, 2009 – 3:43 pm

Filed under Beginner Chess Tips, Chess Basics, Chess Strategy, Chess tactics, Endgame Tactics
Tagged as chess endgame, Chess tactics, Endgame Tactics

King and Queen vs. King and Pawn on seventh rank

White to play and win.

We have started with White King and Queen quite far removed from Black’s King and Pawn though in actual such situations they may be closer – but the tactics remain the same.

Let us see what strategy White must follow.

Queen must keep Black King in check to stop the pawn promotion except in situation at 6.
Primary aim is to capture the pawn after which checkmate is easy as it becomes a King and Queen vs. King endgame.
Except for giving checks, Queen alone can achieve nothing. To capture the pawn, White King has to occupy one of the three squares on sixth rank that are in contact with the pawn.
To move White King, Queen has to stop moving (i.e., giving check) and this is possible only if Black King can be made to block its own pawn.
To force this on Black, the Queen must be able to give check from a square on Black’s sixth rank which is on a file next to the pawn’s file
When the Black King moves to a square on 7th rank next to the pawn, Queen can take the square on the other side of the pawn.
If the Queen gets an opportunity to move to the promotion square, the fight is over.

In the position shown, if the Queen can force the Black King to d1 or f1 square, then a check from d3 or f3 respectively will compel the King to move to e1 blocking the pawn. The White King can use this opportunity to advance one square and through this process reach d3 or e3 or f3 square after which the Queen can capture the pawn.

Black’s strategy is not to allow the Queen to move to e1 as that virtually ends the fight. His King should remain within one square of the pawn and avoid moving to e1 square if possible.. Even when it is forced to e1, it should go to f2 or d2 on next move depending on whether the Queen is on d3 or f3. If Black King goes to f1 or d1, the Queen will simply move to f3 or d3 to force the Black King back to e1 and the end will be faster!

Use the following to create a .pgn file and use a program like Winboard to play the moves.

1. Qd7+ Kc2 2. Qc6+ Kd2 3. Qd5+ Ke3 4. Qe5+ Kf2 5. Qf4+ Kg2 6. Qe3 Kf1 7. Qf3+ Ke1 8. Kd7 Kd2 9. Qf4+ Kd1 10. Qd4+ Kc2 11. Qe3 Kd1 12. Qd3+ Ke1 13. Kd6 Kf2 14. Qf5+ Ke3 15. Qg5+ Kd3 16. Qg3+ Kd2 17. Qf2 Kd1 18. Qd4+ Kc2 19. Qe3 Kd1 20. Qd3+ Ke1 21. Kd5 Kf2 22. Qd2 Kf1 23. Qf4+ Kg2 24. Qe3 Kf1 25. Qf3+ Ke1 26. Kd4 Kd2 27. Qd3+ Ke1 28. Ke3 Kf1 29. Qxe2+ 1-0

This technique does not work if the pawn is in bishop or rook file. With a bishop pawn, when the Queen checks Black King at b1 (or g1) from b3 (or g3) square, Black King will move to a1 (or h1) square, as the case may be. If the White King now tries to advance, the pawn gets promoted. The pawn can be left unprotected as it will be stalemate if the Queen captures the pawn!

If it is a rook pawn, Black will shuttle his King among squares a1-b1-b2 or h1-g1-g2. If the Queen delivers check from b3 (or g3), Black King goes to a1 (or h1). On check from c3 (or f3) square, Black King moves to b1 (or g1) so that no baseline check is possible from c1 (or f1) and for check from other baseline squares, the King moves to b2 (or g2). White Queen cannot go to b3 (or g3) with Black King at a1 (or h1) as it becomes a stalemate. So White King does not get any opportunity to advance.

But win is possible in these cases if the White King happens to be much nearer, within two steps of the Black King. The pawn can be allowed to Queen but taking advantage of this interval, the White Queen can deliver checkmate with support from the King. Try it out yourself keeping the strategy in mind.

Chess Opening: Sicilian Defense Theory to Practice

Posted by ChessMaster on August 18, 2009 – 3:08 pm

Filed under Beginner Chess Tips, Chess Basics, Chess lessons, Chess Opening, Chess Strategy, Chess tactics, Chess Tutorials
Tagged as chess opening guide, chess openings, Chess Strategy, Chess tactics, Chess Tutorials

In Chess Opening: Queen’s Gambit Theory to Practice and Chess Opening: Nimzo-Indian Defense Theory to Practice, you have seen that starting with the basic theory of the respective openings discussed in Chess Opening: Control of Center – Part 3 and Chess Opening: Control of Center – Part 2, how some actual games proceeded to bring win to White as well as Black. The idea was to enable you to look carefully at the moves by the players to understand where White or Black went wrong in following the rules of chess strategy as well as chess tactics, which handed over the game to their opponents.

In continuation of the same theme for developing your comprehension about the opening theories, we now take up two games using Sicilian Defense that was discussed in Chess Opening: Control of Center – Part 1. Here also, White wins one game and Black wins the other within practically the same number of moves. None of the players may be known to you but all had ELO ratings in 2300-2600 range.

Since you have seen the first five moves of Sicilian Defense Najdorf variation in Chess Opening: Control of Center – Part 1, here we start with move 6 in both the games (ECO code: B95)

Borek Bernard-Tomas Civin Prague, 2003		Leonid Milov-Robert Ruck Griesheim, 2002
6.	Bg5	e6		6.	Bg5	e6
Position after move 6		Position after move 6

7.	Qf3	Nbd7		7.	Qf3	h6
8.	0-0-0	Qc7	Had 5. … a6 not been played, White Knights would be able to move to b5 to harass the Black Queen.	8.	Bh4	Nbd7
9.	Qh3	Nc5		9.	0-0-0	Qc7
10.	Bxf6	gxf6		10.	Qh3	Be7
Position after 10 moves		Position after 10 moves

You may note that White’s position is nearly identical in both games, but Black’s position looks cramped in both, though more solid in game 2.
11.	Be2	b5		11.	f4	b5
12.	a3	Rb8		12.	a3	Rb8
13.	b4	Nb7		13.	e5	dxe5
14.	Bh5	Nd8		14.	fxe5	Nxe5
15.	Rhe1	Bd7		15.	Bg3	b4
Position after 15 moves		Position after 15 moves

16.	Nd5!	exd5		16.	axb4	Rxb4
17.	exd5+	Be7		17.	Nf3	Nfg4
18.	Rxe7+	Kxe7		18.	Qh5	Bf6
19.	Qe3+	Ne6		19.	Re1	g6
Position after 19 moves		Position after 19 moves

20.	Bxf7	Kxf7		20.	Nd5	exd5
21.	dxe6+	Kg7		21.	Nxe5	0-0!
22.	Nf5+	Kg6		22.	Nxg4	Bxb2+
23.	Rd5	Resigns	White was threatening 24. Qh6# 23. … h6 24. Qg3+ Kh2 (24. … Kh5 25. Ng7#) 25. Qg7# 23. … Bxe6 24. Qh6+ Kf7 25. Qg7+ Ke8 26. Qxc7 (threatening 27. Qe7#) Bxf5 27. Qxb8+ Kf7 28. Qxh8 etc. White missed a quicker win by: 23. Qh6+ Kxf5 24. Qh5+ Ke4 (24. … Kxe6 25. Re1# or 24. … Kf4 Rd4#) 25. Qd5+ Kf4 26. Rd4#	23.	Kd1	Rd4+	White Resigned. After 24. Ke2 Qxc2+ 25. Ke3 Qd2+ 26. Kf3 Bxg4+ 27. Qxg4 Rxg4 28. Kxg4 Qg5+ 29. Kf3 (29. Kh3 Qf5+ 30. Kh4 Bf6#) Qh5+ etc. with checkmate only a matter of time.
The final position		The final position